Session 10: The Church

Session Overview

Creedal Statement

I believe in God the Father Almighty,
Maker of heaven and earth;
And in Jesus Christ
his only begotten Son our Lord,
who was conceived by the Holy Spirit,
born of the Virgin Mary,
suffered under Pontius Pilate,
was crucified, dead, and buried;
he descended into hell [to the dead];
the third day he rose again from the dead;
he ascended into heaven, and
sits on the right hand of God
the Father Almighty;
from thence he shall come to judge
the quick and the dead.
I believe in the Holy Spirit;
the holy catholic church;
the communion of saints;
the forgiveness of sins;
the resurrection of the body; and
the life everlasting.
Amen.

Key Elements

• Key Passage - Revelation 1:9–3:22
• Scripture Memory - And God put everything under His feet and made Him head over everything for the church, which is His body, the fullness of Him who fills all in all. Ephesians 1:22–23
• Catechism - Q: What people display God’s glory? A: Church.

Introduction

And I tell you that you are Peter, and on this rock I will build My church, and the gates of Hades will not prevail against it.

Here the two grand characteristics of the true Church of God, the evangelical, and evangelistic or missionary, are written as in a sunbeam …. Hence it follows, that when a church ceases to be evangelistic, it must cease to be evangelical; and when it ceases to be evangelical, it must cease to exist as a true church of God, however primitive or apostolic it may be in its outward form and constitution.

God’s people have been called to a life of faith and devotion to Christ. This life of commitment to Christ was never meant to be lived alone. Through his work on the cross, Christ not only saved people from sin but also redeemed a people for himself. The indwelling work of the Spirit unites God’s people with one another. Those who come to faith in Christ share in God’s promises, the forgiveness of sins, and the hope (assurance) of eternal life. Truly, the community of the church is God’s new humanity. The church is God’s people who are called out of the world to faith in Christ. When believers express genuine faith in Christ, they are united to Jesus in divinely established communion. To underscore the church’s union with Christ, the Scripture describes the church as the bride of Jesus (cf. Isaiah 54:5; Ephesians 5:22–33; Revelation 19:6–8). This bride of Christ is a union of believers—the body of Christ (cf. 1 Corinthians 10:16–17; 12:12–31; Ephesians 4:12)—who relate to each other as a spiritual family, brothers and sisters in Christ (cf. Mark 3:31–35; 1 Timothy 3:14–16). The Holy Spirit transforms them to live lives distinct from the world. Then, God’s word tells them to go back into the world to herald the message of Christ to all who would believe. No understanding of the Christian faith is complete without properly understanding the role of the church in God’s plan for his people and his world.

Human community exists in many forms. Families, friendships, neighborhoods, associations, and coworkers are just a few of the ways that humans experience life together. Unavoidably, human life is interpersonal. Even more, the Christian life is communal and relational. The church is God’s appointed means by which believers experience and enjoy loving fellowship in their journey of faith. In fact, to grow in our faith, we must come to a biblical understanding of the church. Integral to God’s eternal purposes and the spiritual development of believers, the church maintains a central role in God’s redemptive work. Thankfully, God’s word is a sure and certain guide to a right understanding of the church.

In Revelation 1:9–3:22, we read a heavenly vision about Jesus and his people. The majestic vision of Jesus that opens the passage reinforces the central truth that the church is a community of believers devoted to Jesus. In what follows, John recorded seven letters to seven churches: Ephesus, Smyrna, Pergamum, Thyatira, Sardis, Philadelphia, and Laodicea. These letters highlight various aspects of the nature, identity, purpose, and importance of the church. In these letters, some of the following themes appear: love, faith, truth, life, purity, endurance, and passion. This condensed life of Christian virtues and characteristics should define individual believers and church communities alike. These letters are written to representative leaders of the churches, but the overall vision is addressed to all believers. The core of a mature faith is an understanding of and participation in a healthy and mature Christian community.

While each letter provides a unique perspective of one church, the whole set of seven letters provides an overarching introduction to the nature of the church. Obstacles that threaten the church abound. Sometimes assaulted from without and sometimes attacked from within, the church must be vigilant. Believers and churches live in an ongoing spiritual war. Perhaps one of the great enemies in this battle is ignorance. Unawareness about the church is one of the great crimes throughout the ages. Often, people like to shape the church to reflect their own ideals. When we are ignorant of the nature, identity, and purpose of the church, we can fashion a church that approximates God’s standards but ultimately betrays his expectations. An unbiblical church not only compromises the community but also endangers individual believers and impedes God’s mission. Thankfully, God has taught us about the church through his revealed word. May this passage enlighten your understanding of the church and stir your commitment to faithful fellowship with other believers.

Biblical Interpretation: Hearing the Word

Study the Text: The Bible is God’s inspired word to his people. Christian disciples mature in the faith when they are grounded in God’s word. In this movement, you will study the basic details of the biblical text.

Observation Questions

Read (or listen to) the whole passage of Scripture. Discuss the questions below for each section of the story. Pay attention to the details of the text to recall what the passage is saying. Use the focus verses to guide your conversation.

Storycraft

Retell the story in your own words, recounting the overall flow of the narrative, the main segments of the story, and the major developments that take place.

Narrative Elements

Story Retell

Theological Dialogue: Discussing the Plot

Explore the Text: God’s word is his trustworthy and sufficient revelation to his people. We grow as Christ’s disciples by rooting our lives in God’s unchanging truth. In this movement, you will explore vital teachings of this biblical passage.

Discussion Questions

Summarize the biblical story. As a community, discuss the following questions. Be attentive to the truths taught in this text. Use the commentary on the next pages to uncover core principles this passage teaches about the Christian faith.

Biblical Commentary

Use this commentary to help you understand the meaning of the text. Refer to the infographic on the next page to think through how narratives work.

Passage Introduction

Key Idea

The church is the community of Christ-followers, called to endure the onslaught of persecution as it pursues God’s mission in the world and grows in maturity, keeping God’s priorities a focus of its community life.

Passage Overview

God’s redemptive work in Christ is to save people and form them into a community—God’s family—called the church. The church is a covenant community that pledges itself to Christ, and in so doing, pledges itself to a life together with other believers. John’s vision reveals this about the church: It is a community of Christ followers who possess faith in Christ, display the character of Christ, and fulfill the purposes of Christ in the world. This vision commends to us God’s will for his church and warns us against potential dangers that threaten the community of faith. A set of heavenly epistles to early Christian leaders, these letters offer an inspired message to all believers about the nature, character, and purpose of the church. Every disciple needs to become an active participant in the church community. Each believer has a vital contribution to make to God’s people and their mission in the world. This contribution requires commitment from all believers, united in a covenant relationship with Christ and one another. Explore the biblical text alongside the commentary below to reinforce your understanding of and commitment to the church.

Passage Outline

Letters to the Churches

His purpose was that now, through the church, the manifold wisdom of God should be made known to the rulers and authorities in the heavenly realms, according to the eternal purpose that He accomplished in Christ Jesus our Lord.

The church of the Lord Jesus is the chosen agent for the exhibition of the manifold wisdom of God. The unfolding, the clear and full display of this wisdom, will necessarily present all the attributes of the divine Being in their harmonious, their sublimest operations … It is not surprising then, that the church in her progress to full maturity, presents to the view of angels those things into which they desire to look. If the church in the changes through which she passes to the completion of her honored destiny, attracts the gaze of “the principalities and powers in the heavenly places,” she should be no less an object of intense regard to “all men” on this earth. William B.

Introduction

The Christian faith is a call to community life. While each person is individually responsible to respond to the gospel message, individual disciples best grow in their faith through meaningful fellowship with other believers. When the enemy seeks to attack the Christian faith, he often assaults the Christian community. Division, schism, competition, and disunity are great enemies of the church. At an individual level, God’s evil foe will tempt believers with isolation, individualism, and self-reliance. Vital for a mature faith, it is crucially important for believers to understand the nature, identity, and purpose of the church. Even more, once we understand the importance of the church, believers must integrate their lives with God’s people. On many occasions, the Scripture addresses the significance of the church.

The heavenly vision of Revelation 1:9–3:22 teaches important truths about the church. Rather than listing abstract ideas about the church, this biblical passage shows Jesus’ interaction with his church. By reading this recorded vision, we become witnesses to the true nature of the church. The vision opens with a celestial depiction of Jesus, reinforcing the fundamental truth that the church is a community of Jesus-followers who serve Christ as their exalted and risen Lord. Recording seven letters to seven churches, the following scenes of the story document Jesus’ evaluation of various Christian communities. In these letters, the commendations and rebukes alike teach us about the ideal vision of the church. The church of Ephesus highlights the importance of fanning the flame of our love for Christ. The letter to the Smyrnan community calls us to a fearless faith in the face of persecution and suffering. In Pergamum, the church displayed a simple faith and enjoins us to sound teaching, pure worship, and godly living. The church of Thyatira calls us to spiritual progress as we live in the light of Jesus’ second coming. In Sardis, ongoing faith formation is a sign of a living church. The Philadelphian believers demonstrated patient endurance, faithful obedience, and strong hope. Finally, the Laodiceans warn us against spiritual apathy and summon us to a passionate faith in full dependence upon Christ.

Although an apocalyptic vision, the narrative-like elements of this story commend the nature, importance, identity, and purpose of the church. We know that the Christian life is a communal endeavor. To come to faith in Christ is to belong to the people of God. One cannot grow to full maturity without the context of a loving and healthy Christian community. In many ways, this passage depicts the ideal church through commendable examples. However, it also reveals the nature of the church through Jesus’ stern and piercing reproof of these same churches. Consequently, as we study this biblical text, let our faith grow in accordance with the immensity of this vision, and let our devotion to Christ be strengthened as we heed its sobering warnings.

A Heavenly Vision: Being Marked as a Jesus People

Biblical Narrative (Revelation 1:9–20)

Exiled on the island of Patmos, John had a heavenly vision, a divine revelation about the nature, purpose, and character of the church. To other believers, John was a “brother and partner in the tribulation and kingdom and perseverance that are in Jesus” (1:9). At a time when Christians were persecuted for their faith in Christ, John was “on the island of Patmos because of the word of God and [his] testimony about Jesus” (1:9). John was faithful to represent Jesus in the face of hostility, opposition, and banishment. Importantly, John had his heavenly vision “on the Lord’s day” (1:10). On this day of Christian worship, John was “in the Spirit” and heard “a loud voice like a trumpet” behind him (1:10). The voice instructed John to record his vision “on a scroll” and “send it to the seven churches” (1:11; cf. 1:2, 19). The seven church recipients were located in the following cities: Ephesus, Smyrna, Pergamum, Thyatira, Sardis, Philadelphia, and Laodicea (1:11).

In his vision, John saw a heavenly figure of intense glory, a revelation of the exalted and reigning Jesus Christ. John turned to “see the voice that was speaking” (1:12) and immediately “saw seven golden lampstands” (1:12). Recalling the prophetic vision of Daniel 7:13, John noticed that the majestic figure “among the lampstands was One like the Son of Man” (1:13). This divine and kingly figure was “dressed in a long robe, with a golden sash around His chest” (1:12). In addition to his royal apparel, “the hair of His head was white like wool, as white as snow” (1:14). An affirmation of dignity, purity, and (perhaps) wisdom, the Son of Man was the kind of king that was honorable, holy, and discerning. Additionally, the figure’s eyes “were like a blazing fire” (1:14), a testimony to the piercing power of Jesus’ complete knowledge, final authority, and righteous judgment. Strong and mighty in all he does, the Son of Man had feet that “were like polished bronze refined in a furnace” (1:15). He was a warrior, fighting on behalf of his people. In fact, Jesus’ power, might, and authority were reinforced by his commanding voice which “was like the roar of many waters” (1:15). Sovereign Lord and rightful King, Jesus “held in His right hand seven stars” (1:16). Trustworthy and authoritative, Jesus commissions, sends, and orders his messengers and servants to accomplish his will (1:20). Jesus’ authority and power are expressed in his very word. As such, “a sharp double-edged sword came from His mouth” (1:16). The dividing, discerning, and distinguishing power of God’s word was a powerful means by which divine purposes are accomplished in the world. Glorious and exalted, the Son of Man was worthy of devotion and honor as “His face was like the sun shining at its brightest” (1:16).

Truly, the only appropriate response to such a vision of the exalted, reigning, mighty, and glorious Lord Jesus was humble worship. As such, John “fell at His feet like a dead man” (1:17). Not only did John encounter Jesus’ glory, but Jesus’ resplendent character also exposed John’s own unworthiness. Amazingly, the Son of Man, “placed His right hand on [John]” (1:17) and spoke to him the following words of comfort, “Do not be afraid” (1:17). Rather than overpowering John with his destructive divine force, Jesus revealed his identity to John. Jesus told John that he was “the First and the Last” (1:17) and “the Living One” (1:18). Referencing his crucifixion and resurrection, Jesus told John that he “was dead” but was now “alive forever and ever” (1:18). Having conquered death, Jesus holds “the keys of Death and of Hades” (1:18). Explaining the nature of the vision, Jesus told John to record “the things that are, and the things that will happen after this” (1:19) based on what he saw. The seven stars represented angels (or servants), and the seven lampstands represented seven churches (1:20). The resurrected Christ was (and is) the overseer and head of the church and its leaders. John’s record of his vision amounted to Jesus’ encouragement and exhortation to these leaders and churches.

Biblical Principles

Church as Exile. The opening scene of John’s revelation highlights the church’s pilgrim nature. An apostle of Jesus Christ, John was steadfast and courageous in his gospel witness, proclaiming to others “the word of God” and the “testimony about Jesus” (1:9). John’s evangelistic witness caused him to be exiled “on the island of Patmos” (1:9). Persecution for the faith was not a unique experience for John. By calling himself a “brother and partner in the tribulation and kingdom and perseverance that are in Jesus” (1:9), John asserted that other believers endured suffering for their faith in the gospel. In fact, the letters to the seven churches depict an early church network, a fellowship of churches in solidarity with one another. Not only did each church receive its own letter (2:1, 8, 12, 18; 3:1, 7, 14), but John was instructed, “write on a scroll what you see and send it to the seven churches” (1:11). John’s evangelistic, persecuted, and exiled experience typifies the very nature of Christian discipleship and the essential character of the church. Followers of Christ in faith, believers are exiles on the earth, living in a world that is not their final home. Christians fulfill their evangelistic duty—a work of proclaiming Christ to the nations—in the face of hostile and oppressive situations. The pilgrim life of an exile requires perseverance, endurance, and resolve. What John modeled in his life has been exemplified by innumerable Christians and churches throughout the ages, reminding us of a very basic and important teaching: the church is a pilgrim community of Christ-followers, bearing witness to Christ in the face of harsh conditions of persecution, suffering, and exile.

Jesus Vision. The center and foundation of the church is Jesus. More than enthusiasts of mere religious ideas, Christians are followers of a living and exalted Lord. At its core, the Christian church is “a people of Jesus.” Ruling from heaven, Jesus is head of the church on earth. Although healthy churches have godly human leaders, even these leaders are under the authority of Christ. Consequently, John’s vision of Jesus in this narrative is of utmost importance. It depicts the Leader and Shepherd of believers. Since Jesus is the head of the church, the character and identity of Jesus shape the nature and essence of the church. Holding the seven stars and walking among the seven lampstands (1:12–13, 16, 20), Jesus maintains authority and responsibility over the church. He holds the church’s leaders to high standards, and he walks among his people as a Good Shepherd. Under the authority of the divine King, the Son of Man clothed with a long robe and golden sash (1:13), the church is also a royal people. A covenant community of the true King, the Christian church represents God’s rule in the world by its faithful presence, evangelistic witness, and holy living. All-wise and all-knowing, Jesus appeared to John with white hair and fiery eyes (1:14). Following their Lord, Christians in the church are called to represent Jesus with a life of purity, godliness, and integrity. Adorning one’s life in this way makes one a target of hostility. As such, Christians wage the warfare of the faith with trust in their strong and mighty warrior, who appeared in the vision with bronze feet and roared with a thunderous voice (1:15). Important weapons of the church are the word of God—going forth into the world like a “double-edged sword” (1:16)—and worship—exalting the glory of Jesus whose face appeared “like the sun shining at its brightest” (1:16; cf. 1:17). Employing the Word and worship, the church is a living witness to the world.

Faithful to Christ—divine King, righteous Judge, powerful Warrior, and exalted Lord—Christians are a people of the resurrection. Knowing that Jesus is eternal (“the First and the Last” [1:17]), risen (“the Living One … alive forever and ever” [1:18]), and triumphant (“hold the keys of Death and of Hades” [1:18]), Christians embrace their missional witness, endure unfriendly mistreatment, and persevere in godly living with boldness and confidence. To follow the risen Christ is to live in the sure and certain hope of one’s own resurrection from the dead. Though exiles on the earth, the church lives as a people who hope for an eternal home in the life of the world to come.

The Church of Ephesus: Fanning the Flame of Our Love for Christ

Biblical Narrative (Revelation 2:1–7)

The first church in this network of seven churches was the Christian community of Ephesus. The opening words to this church describe the importance of the recorded words of this Scripture by reiterating the unique character of Jesus. The logic is important: the church is to heed the words of the letter because these are the words of Jesus. The descriptions of Jesus’ character in each letter serve as motivation for the church to take Jesus’ encouragements and exhortations seriously. As the angelic messenger may represent an early church leader (although it could also designate an actual angelic messenger), the letter written to “the angel of the church in Ephesus” (2:1) may refer to a letter written to the shepherd or pastoral leader of the Ephesus church. The letter contained “the words of Him who holds the seven stars in His right hand and walks among the seven golden lampstands” (2:1; cf. 1:11, 12–13, 20). Jesus not only commissioned church leaders to their shepherding work, but Jesus himself also bore ultimate leadership responsibility for the well-being of the church as he walked among them as the Good Shepherd.

In the message to this church, Jesus began with an affirmation: “I know your deeds, your labor, and your perseverance” (2:2). Devoted to righteousness and truth, the Ephesian Christians could not “tolerate those who are evil” and “tested and exposed as liars those who falsely claim to be apostles” (2:2). As a particular instance, Jesus commended the believers: “You hate the works of the Nicolaitans, which I also hate” (2:6). The steadfastness of the Ephesians’ faith and loyalty to the truth was noteworthy and “to [their] credit” (2:6). Experiencing persecution, hardship, and difficulty, these early believers “persevered and endured many things for the sake of [Jesus’] name” (2:3). They did this “without growing weary” (2:3). An example of godly devotion, the Ephesian Christians displayed a commitment to godly standards and revealed truth.

Despite the praiseworthy character of their steadfast faith, Jesus rebuked the church with the following words: “You have abandoned your first love” (2:4). At some point in their faithful endurance and defense of the truth, the Ephesian believers had grown cold in their affection for Christ. Consequently, Jesus commanded them, “keep in mind how far you have fallen” and “repent and perform the deeds you did at first” (2:5). This command was an appeal to return to the early days of their faithful devotion. Nevertheless, if the believers did not repent, Christ threatened, “I will come to you and remove your lampstand from its place” (2:5). To reiterate their responsibility to respond to this charge, Jesus told them: “he who has an ear, let him hear what the Spirit says to the churches” (2:7). Those who did respond in repentance and faith would be considered “the one who overcomes” (2:7). Those who endure and overcome in the faith are guaranteed this glorious promise from Christ: “I will grant the right to eat from the tree of life in the Paradise of God” (2:7).

Biblical Principles

Enduring Commitment to Truth and Righteousness. The church in Ephesus teaches us that the church is a people of faithful perseverance. The Ephesian Christians were intolerant of evil, and they confronted falsehood (2:2). Their commitment to truth and righteousness was determined, steadfast, and sacrificial. These believers defended the truth and opposed evil “without growing weary” (2:3), by enduring much suffering (2:2–3), and with focused intensity (2:6). Their adherence to and advocacy of all that is right was essentially fidelity to their Lord and Master, Jesus Christ (2:1). The example of these early Christians is to be followed. The church is a community of truth and righteousness. In following Christ, the church opposes evil, confronts error, and tests all things against the canon of truth. A church that forsakes right doctrine certainly endangers itself. But, a church (like Ephesus) that maintains a commitment to right doctrine and neglects right living is equally at risk of abandoning its core identity and forsaking its overseeing Lord.

Deep Love for Christ. The church at Ephesus also serves as a warning for Christians. While commitment to truth and righteousness are foundational to a healthy church community, Christians can be ardent in truth and shallow in love. Such was the case for these Ephesian believers. They had “abandoned [their] first love” (2:4). Ephesus typified a committed-but-cold church that did not take care to fan the flame of love for Christ. In tireless commitment to Christ, this church did not refuel and rekindle its love for Christ. For these ancient Christians and for us, the loss of love for Jesus amounts to a decline in faith, which puts the Christian community at great risk (2:5). Christians should be known for their deep love and burning devotion for Christ, a love typically seen when someone first comes to faith in Christ (2:4–5). The hope of unending life with God in the world to come should stoke the flames of our affection (2:7). A community of faith that looks ahead toward the promise of paradise, members of the church should be defined by their love of Christ. Standing on the foundation of truth and righteousness, the Christian community must kindle and stoke this loving affection with continued diligence.

The Church of Smyrna: Growing Our Faith to Be Death-Defying

Biblical Narrative (Revelation 2:8–11)

A second letter was sent to the Christian community at Smyrna. God wanted these words to be understood as a source of total truth and transforming power. As such, the letter states that the words come from Jesus, “the First and the Last, who died and returned to life” (2:8; cf. 1:17–18). To heed these words is to annex one’s life to the eternal and conquering King Jesus. An expression of empathy and approval, Jesus told the Christians in Smyrna, “I know your affliction and your poverty” (2:8). As one who endured horrific suffering for the redemption of sinful man, Jesus expressed sympathetic solidarity with this believing community. To an afflicted group of Christians who might despair in their painful suffering, Jesus told them that in reality they “are rich” (2:8). Jesus was not unaware of their trials or tribulations. Specifically, he knew about “the slander of those who falsely claim to be Jews, but are in fact a synagogue of Satan” (2:9). Unfortunately, the Christians in this ancient city were attacked by Jews. Although their covenantal heritage made the Jews appear religious, their assault against Christians showed the reality of their evil and satanic nature.

Jesus wanted these believers (as he wants all disciples) to be prepared for and persevere through persecution and suffering. In the face of opposition and attack, believers were not to “fear what [they] are about to suffer” (2:10). Jesus foretold, “the devil is about to throw some of you into prison to test you, and you will suffer tribulation for ten days” (2:10). Giving an appeal for steadfastness, Jesus called them to “be faithful even unto death” (2:10). As with the Ephesian church (2:7), Jesus summoned the Smyrnan Christians to heed the Spirit by responding to God’s revealed word (2:11). As a reward for enduring faith, these believers would receive “the crown of life” (2:10). Those who overcome would “not be harmed by the second death” (2:11) but would enjoy the unending life sustained and secured by the eternal Lord who conquered death, the resurrected Lord Jesus.

Biblical Principles

Suffering and Endurance. As exemplified by the early Christians in Smyrna, the church is a persecuted people. A tried and true church is a church tested under the fire of tribulation. Importantly, Jesus did not rebuke this church community. Affliction (2:9), poverty (2:9), slander (2:9), imprisonment (2:10), spiritual warfare (2:9–10), and martyrdom (2:10) typified the Christian experience for the Smyrnan believers. Rather than a sign of divine abandonment, this suffering was a test of faith (2:10). In fact, the believers were truly rich in their suffering (1:9) because of the promise of eternal life (2:10) in which they could “not be harmed by the second death” (2:11). Like their suffering and crucified Lord, believers are marked by experiences of suffering and persecution. The church is not called to avoid suffering at all costs but to endure hardship in the face of all attacks. Despite the initial appearance of things, the experience of suffering is not a sign of defeat, or a cause for despair, but an opportunity for a clear and convincing demonstration of faith.

Fearless Faith. Viewing present ordeals through the lens of a future reality, believers are bold and fearless in faith. The resurrected Jesus, “the First and the Last, who died and returned to life” (2:8), pioneered the way through death into life. The victory of Jesus’ resurrection fuels and fortifies faith with an unrelenting resolve and an unashamed courage. Therefore, believers should “not fear what [they] are about to suffer” (2:9). Rather, they should remain “faithful even unto death” (2:10). The church needs this kind of fearless faith since the Christian life is a spiritual battle (2:9–10). Living in the hope and power of Jesus’ resurrection, the church overcomes even though it is persecuted (2:11). Empowered by this truth, the Christian community displays a death-defying faith. The hope of eternal life, the promise of resurrection, victory over death, and the defeat of Satan shape the church into a people who are unbending in their devotion, bold in their witness, and faithful until the end.

The Church of Pergamum: Keeping an Unswerving Commitment to Truth

Biblical Narrative (Revelation 2:12–17)

A third letter was sent to the Christian community at Pergamum. God’s authoritative and revealed word was communicated to this church by Jesus, “the One who holds the sharp, double-edged sword” (2:12; cf. 1:16). Speaking as an all-knowing and righteous judge, Jesus confronted the evil context in which these early Christians found themselves. Jesus indicted the evil surroundings of the contemporary culture with the following evaluation: “I know where you live, where the throne of Satan sits” (2:13). In this statement, Jesus denounced the moral and spiritual degeneracy of society in Pergamum, a place “where Satan dwells” (2:13). The Christians living in this environment “held fast to [Jesus’] name and have not denied [their] faith in [Christ]” (2:13). The faithful resolve of these disciples was exemplified by one particular believer, the “faithful witness Antipas” who “was killed” for his faith (2:13).

Although these believers maintained their faith in Christ in the face of persecution, some of the believers fell into false teaching. Compromising the integrity of the faith, some of these people held to “the teaching of Balaam, who taught Balak to place a stumbling block before the Israelites” (2:14) and “the teaching of the Nicolaitans” (2:15). Balam’s false teaching led people to “eat food sacrificed to idols and commit sexual immorality” (2:14). The Nicolaitan’s false teaching had a similar effect, “in the same way” (2:15). Holding on to the kernel of the Christian faith, a portion of the Christian community was drawn to errant doctrine that resulted in immorality and idolatry. This amounted to the “few things” (2:14) Jesus had against them. Like the other churches, Jesus enjoined these believers to “repent” (2:16). If they heeded God’s Spirit-inspired word (2:17), they would receive “the hidden manna” and “a white stone inscribed with a new name, known only to the one who receives it” (2:17). Said another way, if the Christians in Pergamum abandoned false teaching and turned back to true worship and godly living, God would guarantee them an unending life of intimacy and communion with him. If the believers did not repent, Jesus threatened to visit the people as a judge and “wage war against [the unfaithful] with the sword of [His] mouth” (2:16).

Biblical Principles

Simple Faith. Much like the Christians in Smyrna, the Christian community in Pergamum displayed genuine faith in Christ in the face of persecution. They “held fast” to Jesus and did not deny their faith even though it put their lives at risk (2:13). Genuine faith is an enduring faith. Christians are unashamed of their attachment and allegiance to Jesus. They confess him as their Lord and defy the threats from the surrounding society. Simple and sincere, Christian confession of Christ in the face of looming death makes the church a “faithful witness” to the world (2:13). Initial faith in Christ is important, but for faith to be genuine, it must be enduring and persevering faith, a trust and confidence in Christ that we hold until our dying breath.

Sound Teaching, Pure Worship, and Godly Living. The failure of the Pergamene Christians serves as a stern warning to the church in all generations. Although these believers were willing to suffer for the sake of Christ, they fell prey to unfaithful compromise. Some of those in Pergamum capitulated to false teaching (2:14–15). This false teaching led the people into idolatry and immorality (2:14). When the church compromises in truth, it compromises its own integrity. These concessions of false teaching, impure worship, and ungodly conduct remain credible threats to the church in all cultures and generations. While the church is defined by its faith in Christ, it is also called to sound teaching, pure worship, and godly living. Waging war with the sword of his mouth (2:16), Jesus stands over his people as judge. Prior to the return of Jesus, the church remains mixed to some degree. True and false believers mingle in the body and will ultimately be distinguished by Jesus’ clear and discerning verdict. Until this time, however, believers should be in a constant state of repentance (2:16), heeding the warnings against errant doctrine, corrupt worship, and temptations to immorality.

The Church of Thyatira: Maintaining a Life of Purity

Biblical Narrative (Revelation 2:18–29)

The fourth letter in this series of epistles was written to the disciples in the city of Thyatira. Showing the words of this letter to be divine in their origin and powerful in their effect, the letter opens with the following greeting: “These are the words of the Son of God, whose eyes are like a blazing fire and whose feet are like polished bronze” (2:18; cf. 1:13–15). Jesus commended the faithful conduct of this church. He spoke encouragingly, “I know your deeds—your love, your faith, your service, your perseverance” (2:19). In particular, Jesus affirmed that their " [their] latter deeds [were] greater than [their] first" (2:19). In this statement, Jesus applauded their progress in the faith.

Despite growing in the faith, Jesus rebuked the Christian community for wrongdoing similar to that of Pergamum. Believers in Thyatira tolerated “that woman Jezebel, who calls herself a prophetess” (2:20). This teaching deceived Christians and led them “to be sexually immoral and to eat food sacrificed to idols” (2:20). Although there was ample opportunity for repentance, the false teacher was not willing to do so (2:21; cf. 2:22). As a result of this stubborn unrepentance, Jesus promised to bring judgment on the false teacher and the followers: “I will cast her onto a bed of sickness, and those who commit adultery with her will suffer great tribulation” (2:22). The judgment against false teaching would be severe: “I will strike her children dead” (2:23). God intended that a severe response to false teaching would cause “all the churches will know that I am the One who searches minds and hearts” and also to clearly reveal that God “will repay each [person] according to [his] deeds” (2:23).

Not everyone fell into the temptation of false teaching. Some did not “hold her teaching” and “have not learned the so-called deep things of Satan” (2:24). Jesus identified these as “the rest” (2:24), the remaining faithful who did not succumb to errant teaching. Jesus did not want this loyal remnant to be burdened (2:24). Rather, he enjoined them to “hold fast” until Jesus returned (2:25), to overcome (2:26), and to continue Jesus’ “work until the end” (2:26). Jesus would rule the nations with his own authority, an authority that God the Father had given him (2:27). For those who demonstrated such steadfastness and faithfulness (2:24–26) and heed the Spirit-inspired word (2:29), Jesus promised to give “authority over the nations” (2:26) and to give them “the morning star” (2:28), a potential reference to the certain communion between God and his people.

Biblical Principles

Spiritual Progress and Christian Maturity. A family of disciples who follow Christ as Lord, the church is on a path of continual faith development. That is, the church is called to spiritual progress and maturity. In his words of affirmation to the Christians at Thyatira, Jesus commended this community for various areas of Christian development: love, faith, service, and perseverance (2:19). In fact, the “latter deeds” of these Christians were “greater than [their] first” (2:19). Dangers of stagnancy, apathy, and regression are ever-present enemies of the church. As a living organism that stops growing is at risk of death, so a church that does not mature is in danger of grave spiritual sickness. Certainly, believers and churches maintain their health by growing in the faith.

Living in Light of the Second Coming. Like other churches in this ancient ecclesial network, the failures of the Thyatiran believers instruct Christians and churches about the true identity and character of the church. Sadly, these ancient believers tolerated false teaching that deceived people into sexual sin and abominable worship (2:20, 22, 24). The journey from false teaching to immorality and idolatry is very similar to the moral collapse in Pergamum (cf. 2:14–16). Jesus’ judgment of these believers is severe. He threatened tribulation and death to those who did not repent (2:22–23). Ultimately, Christians live their lives knowing that they are answerable to Jesus, “the One who searches minds and hearts” (2:23). There is a future day when Jesus will “repay each [person] according to [his] deeds” (2:23). As much as the church is defined by love, faith, and truth, it is also defined by the purity of its life. Jesus has flaming eyes and feet like bronze (2:18); he calls the church to imitate his purity. Christians also live in light of the future judgment. They know that their omniscient Lord knows all of their lives. Unable to perform their way into everlasting life, Christians prepare for eternity with faith and repentance. As Jesus called the sinners to repent, he also called believers to “hold fast” (2:25) and continue the work of Jesus “until the end” (2:26). The church eagerly awaits the second coming of Jesus. While his certain return ushers in a final judgment, it also secures final victory for the faithful (2:25–28). And, this hope of future victory has a purifying effect on God’s people in the present.

The Church of Sardis: Enjoying Jesus as a Living Community

Biblical Narrative (Revelation 3:1–6)

The fifth epistle in this inspired correspondence is to the church in the ancient city of Sardis. With these words coming from Jesus, “the One who holds the seven Spirits of God and the seven stars” (3:1), the believers in Sardis were expected to heed this divine message as coming from the Overseer of the church. Although this church had “a reputation for being alive,” they were actually “dead” (3:1). In this statement, Jesus rebuked the believing community for having an appearance of spiritual vibrancy while not possessing it authentically. Addressing this community as if they had fallen asleep, Jesus admonished, “wake up and strengthen what remains” (3:2). Jesus’ assessment of the believing community is that their “deeds [were] incomplete in the sight of … God” and the dim and old vestige of life that did exist was “about to die” (3:2).

In response to this stern and candid reprimand, the community needed to “remember … what [they] have received and heard” in order to “keep it and repent” (3:3). Without coming out of their spiritual slumber, Jesus would visit them “like a thief” in a way they would “not know the hour” (3:3). Although the situation in Sardis was bleak, there were “a few people in Sardis who have not soiled their garments” (3:4). These who were faithful would be granted to “walk with [Jesus] in white” (3:4; cf. 3:5), a representation of a future life that is purified, enduring, and honorable. Emphatically, those who overcame the spiritual deadness that threatened Sardis (3:5–6) would enjoy eternal life: a life with one’s name never blotted out from “the Book of Life” (3:5). In fact, Jesus would stand as the advocate for such a person, “[confessing] his name before [God the] Father and His angels” (3:5).

Biblical Principles

Spiritual Life and Ongoing Faith Formation. The church of Christ is called to full maturity of faith. With a reputation for being alive, the church of Sardis was spiritually dead (3:1). Exhibiting classic signs of immaturity, this ancient community of believers was sluggish, weak, sickly, and incomplete (3:1–3). Rather than growing strong in their faith, this community rested upon its initial faith in Christ—gaps and all. Although initial faith in Christ (however small) is a demonstration of trust to be celebrated, infant believers must grow toward maturity. A living church makes ongoing progress in the faith. An active and engaged faith is alert, watchful, vibrant, energetic, and healthy. While no believer or church can claim full perfection this side of eternity, all Christian communities can (and should) take seriously the maturation of their members.

Worthy Lives and Unending Life. Some in the Sardis community were faithful, those who had “not soiled their garments” (3:4). Exemplars of faithful devotion, this steadfast remnant was “worthy” and would “walk with [Jesus] in white” (3:4) and would live forever with Jesus with their names ever-written in the Book of Life (3:5). Progress in the spiritual life awaits for the future day when the church will be fully clothed in the life of Christ. A living and growing church hopes for the time when eternal life will be an inherited possession. This side of eternity, Christians seek transformation of life that will approximate their glorified state in the life to come. The church is a community of Jesus-followers who walk with Christ. This walk of faith in the present should resemble (more and more) the kind of life that will be lived when eternity finally comes. We mature as we become in the present evermore what we will be like when our fellowship with the Lord is complete.

The Church of Philadelphia: Exercising Stamina for Patient Endurance

Biblical Narrative (Revelation 3:7–13)

The letter written to a sixth church was addressed to the group of Christian disciples in Philadelphia. This letter revealed Jesus as “the One who is holy and true, who holds the key of David” (3:7). As the King of all Kings, Jesus holds irrevocable and impressive authority: “what He opens no one can shut, and what He shuts no one can open” (3:7). Demonstrating his power to his people, Jesus “placed before [the Christians in Philadelphia] an open door, which no one can shut” (3:8). The faithfulness of these Christians is observable. Although they had “only a little strength” (3:8), they “kept [Jesus’] word and have not denied [His] name” (3:8). The simple and sincere faithfulness of these believers would result in Jesus bringing evil people—“those who belong to the synagogue of Satan” (3:9)—to a humble position of honor before these believers. In fact, Jesus would do this to prove to evil people that Jesus loved his own people (3:9).

The faithfulness of believers to keep Jesus’ “command to persevere” would result in Jesus keeping these believers “from the hour of testing that is about to come upon the whole world” (3:10). Jesus affirmed to the believers that he was “coming soon” (3:11). In light of Jesus’ soon and certain return, believers should “hold fast to what [they] have, so that no one will take [their] crown” (3:11). A faithful believer who overcomes (3:13) in this way will be made into “a pillar in the temple of … God, and he will never again leave it” (3:12). Eternal fellowship with God is guaranteed for believers because they belong to Jesus, emphasized by Jesus’ own statement of commitment: “I write the name of My God, and the name of the city of My God (the new Jerusalem that comes down out of heaven from My God), and My new name” (3:12).

Biblical Principles

Patient Endurance and Faithful Obedience. The church in Philadelphia demonstrated a persevering faith. Specifically, they remained faithful to Jesus and his teaching. They did not betray Jesus’ word and did not deny Jesus (3:8). They were not like evil liars who had no loyalty to Christ (3:9). Through challenge and temptation, they obeyed Christ and persevered in faith (3:10). This display of steadfast endurance is a model for Christians and churches. As a community of faith, Jesus’ followers maintain a constant and sustained faith in Christ (3:11) in hope of their promised inheritance in the life to come (3:11–12). The church knows that Jesus is “coming soon” (3:11) and orients its whole life around the returning Christ. Living a watchful life, Christians keep the commands of Christ, trusting Jesus to keep them—that is, to protect and preserve them—when they face tribulation (3:10). The call to steadfast endurance is not only a command for the pilgrim church; it is also a mark of the true church.

Strengthened in Faith and Hope. Although the church of Philadelphia typified an unwavering church, it was incomplete, like the church of Sardis (cf. 3:2–3). The Philadelphian believers had “only a little strength” (3:8). The weakened condition did not deter these disciples from their faithful commitment to Christ. Regardless of our present condition—weak, infirm, discounted, marginalized, or powerless—we hold the hope of being a firm “pillar in the temple of … God” and an eternal resident in God’s future world (3:12). Future hope strengthens the weakest of believers, propelling them forward in their faith with resolve. Like an anchor, such a hope makes believers immovable in their confession of Christ. In this way, the church’s anticipation of its eternal future galvanizes its present faith.

The Church of Laodicea: Stirring the Passion of God’s People

Biblical Narrative (Revelation 3:14–22)

In John’s vision, a final letter was written to the church in the city of Laodicea. Expressing the truthfulness, reliability, and substance of God’s word, the letter opens by describing Jesus as “the Amen, the faithful and true Witness, the Originator of God’s creation” (3:14). The believers in Laodicea were rebuked because their deeds were “neither cold nor hot” (3:15). “Lukewarm” in faith (3:16), Jesus wanted the people to be “one or the other” (3:15), hot or cold. Referring to the nauseating and tepid spirituality of the Laodiceans, Jesus warned that he would “vomit [the church] out of [His] mouth” (3:16). The pride of this community was an inherent indictment. They claimed to be “rich” and to “have grown wealthy and need nothing” (3:17). Even though they had material possessions, they did not even “realize that [they were] wretched, pitiful, poor, blind, and naked” (3:17).

Appealing for spiritual fervency and authentic repentance, Jesus called the Laodiceans to “buy from [Jesus] gold refined by fire so that [they] may become rich, white garments so that [they] may be clothed and [their] shameful nakedness not exposed, and salve to anoint [their] eyes so that [they] may see” (3:18). In this trifold command, Jesus summoned this ancient group to locate their true prosperity in Christ, to claim Christ alone as the remedy to their shame, and to come to a true and healthy vision of life. Wanting these apathetic believers to know his unmistakable care for them, Jesus affirmed, “those I love, I rebuke and discipline” (3:19). His confrontation of their sin and call to penitence was an act of love and compassion. Consequently, Jesus called them to “be earnest and repent” (3:19). The invitation for such a return to fellowship was open. Jesus said that he is like a person who is knocking at a door. If anyone responds to his voice and opens the door, he would “come in and dine with him, and he with Me” (3:19). Heeding the Spirit’s voice in this letter of chastisement and reproof (3:22), the overcomers who repent and restore fellowship with Christ will “sit with [Jesus] on [His] throne” (3:21). Believers in fellowship with Jesus share in Jesus’ own victory and triumph (3:21).

Biblical Principles

Passion and Fervor. Christ’s church is passionate for the Lord and his purposes in the world. Contrary to this standard, the church of Laodicea was an example of spiritual lukewarmness. Lukewarmness is a silent killer of the Christian community. In Laodicea, the believers were “neither cold nor hot” (3:15). As a result, Jesus threatened to reject them, vomiting them out of his mouth (3:16). Innumerable distractions and constant temptations can erode a church’s passion for the Lord. The loss of passion is a dangerous sign that a community is susceptible to sin and vulnerable to spiritual attack. Ever-watchful against apathy and indifference, healthy churches display a commitment to the Lord with passion, fervor, and zeal.

Full Dependence Upon Christ. The wealth and luxury of the Laodiceans stoked within them a self-sufficiency that was deadly. They depended upon their own resources and felt that because they had “grown wealthy” they needed “nothing” (3:17). Their self-reliance was an empty facade, like “shameful nakedness” (3:18). In reality, they were “wretched, pitiful, poor, blind, and naked” (3:17). While wealth and material possessions can be a sign of God’s provision, these possessions can easily poison one’s faith, shifting our trust from reliance upon God to a reliance upon his gifts. While the Laodiceans considered their material wealth a blessing, it had become a spiritual handicap in their lives. Instead, Jesus offered them real wealth and escape from shame (3:18). Those who are passionate for the Lord are open to receive discipline and rebuke (3:19). In such cases, the desire to serve the Lord eclipses all other commitments so that believers fully dependent upon Christ interpret Christ’s discipline as a sign of love (3:19). Churches with such a genuine faith are earnest and sincere in their repentance (3:19), making their hearts and communities hospitable and receptive to Jesus (3:20). Full dependence upon Christ in this life translates into victory with Christ in the life to come (3:21–22).

Conclusion

John’s vision is a powerful and gripping depiction of the church as a community of Christ’s disciples. The magnificent vision of Christ reminds us that the church is marked by its faithful allegiance to Christ. When brought together, each of the seven churches provides a helpful description of a healthy church. Ephesus calls us to reject false teaching and rekindle our love for Christ. Smyrna showcases enduring suffering with courageous faith. In Pergamum, believers are called to enlarge their initial faith on the foundations of sound doctrine, true worship, and godly living. The letter to Thyatira calls all churches to spiritual growth as they anticipate the returning Christ. Sardis is also a church that reinforces the importance of Christian formation, showing the nature of spiritual life as living a life now that resembles the life in the world to come. To Philadelphia’s faithful endurance and obedience is added the importance of future hope. Finally, the Laodiceans call us to a passionate faith and warn us against the threat of lukewarmness.

God has appointed his church as a Spirit-filled community of Jesus followers to grow believers in the faith and bear witness of Christ to the surrounding world. Because Jesus has already secured victory in his death and resurrection, the church is also guaranteed victory over sin, Satan, and death. Although the situations for each of the seven churches vary, the overarching vision of the church is the same. God is calling his church to be a faithful witness in his world, to endure persecution without giving up, to turn from immoral and idolatrous ways, to complete the parts of its life that are incomplete, and to grow into deeper fellowship and communion with Christ. This picture is the victorious life God envisions for his people, as the people who overcome (2:7, 11, 17, 26; 3:5, 12, 21). But, this victorious life is only for those who heed “what the Spirit says to the churches” (2:7; cf. 2:11, 17, 29; 3:6, 12, 22).

Session Synopsis

SESSION 10 SYNOPSIS
Church	In this passage, we learn about the identity, nature, and purpose of the church. The apostle John recorded a heavenly vision of the resurrected Christ. In his resurrected glory, Jesus sent seven letters to seven churches. In these letters, he commended the churches for things that they were doing well. He also rebuked the churches for areas of immaturity. The vision of Jesus and the letters to the churches help God’s people in all generations understand the essence, character, and mission of a healthy church community. A summary of this story’s principles is outlined below.
Jesus Christ	At its core, the church is the family of God, the Spirit-led (2:7, 11, 17, 29; 3:6, 13) community of Christ followers (1:9; 2:3). Jesus is the center of the church’s worship and devotion (1:12–18). Jesus is the leader and head of the church (1:12–13, 16, 20; 2:1, 8, 12, 18; 3:1, 7, 14). Christians trust, submit to, and obey Christ as King (1:13), Judge (1:14, 16), Lord (1:15–16), and Savior (1:9, 12, 16). The church earnestly looks forward to the return of Christ (2:5, 16, 25; 3:3, 11, 20).
A Pilgrim People	The church is a pilgrim people, a community of Christ followers who live as strangers and exiles in the world (1:9). As exiles, the church should expect to suffer hardship and persecution (1:9; 2:2–3, 9–10, 13, 19; 3:10). God appoints godly leadership (2:1, 8, 12, 18; 3:1, 7, 14) to care for the church. The church is to defend itself against false teachers (2:2, 6, 14–15, 20–24; 3:9) who seek to harm the church.
Characteristics of a Healthy Church	God wants his church to grow and mature (3:2). A healthy church is marked by the characteristics of genuine faith (2:13, 19; 3:8), obedient living (2:2, 19, 23; 3:1, 8, 15), patient endurance (2:2–3, 9–10, 13, 19; 3:8, 10; cf. 1:9), godly character (2:2, 6; 3:4, 18), sincere love (2:4, 19; cf. 3:9, 19), sacrificial perseverance (2:10, 24–26; 3:11), faithful service (2:19), and bold witness (2:13).
Dangers the Church Faces	The church will face hardship, difficulty, and suffering in the world. God empowers and equips the church to overcome evil (2:9–10, 13, 22), withstand a hostile culture (2:13), oppose immorality (2:14, 20–21), rebuke false teaching (2:14–15, 20, 24; 3:9), avoid false worship (2:14, 20), be warned against spiritual lukewarmness (3:15–16), resist prideful self-reliance (3:17–18), and undergo persecution (2:2–3, 9–10, 13, 19; 3:10; cf. 1:9)
Call to Maturity and Spiritual Growth	God calls the church to grow and mature by remembering its faith (2:5; 3:3) repenting of sin (2:5, 2:16, 21–22; 3:3), obeying God’s commands (2:5), staying alert to spiritual danger (3:2–3), and progressing in the faith (3:2).
Judgment and Reward	God promises judgment for those who are faithless (2:5, 16, 22–23; 3:3, 9, 19). God promises reward for those who overcome hardship by maintaining steadfast faith in Christ (2:7, 9–11, 17, 26–28; 3:5, 12, 21).

Personal Reflection: Entering the Story

Apply the Text: The word of God is binding and authoritative, the only reliable guide for faith and godliness. True disciples submit themselves to God’s word. In this movement, you will apply God’s word to your lives.

Reflection Questions

Encourage one person to share a testimony about how this story has impacted them so far. Use the reflection questions to examine your life in light of this biblical passage.

Spiritual Practice

Ministry Practice: Rehearsing the Script

Minister the Text: God’s word is living and active. Through God’s word, the Christian community is edified. In this movement, you will utilize the biblical passage to minister to other believers and build them up in their faith.

Application Questions

Look at the infographic below. Use the questions to think about how to minister this text to other believers.

Missional Outreach: Publicizing the Truth

Witness the Text: The Bible is a message of God’s gracious salvation to the world. In word and deed, God’s people proclaim the good news of the gospel. In this movement, you will use this biblical passage to reach out to unbelievers.

Strategy Questions

Reflect on the infographic below. Consider how you can use this passage to witness to the surrounding world. Use the suggested ideas to prime your imagination. Then, put together a plan to share this passage with unbelievers, Afterward, reflect on this mission experience.